Jim Crow Laws

Governments in the southern states of the U.S. passed anti-African American laws in the 1880's. These laws could include: The Jim Crow laws followed something called Black Codes from 1800-1866. These laws continued in force until 1965. The phrase Jim Crow laws can be found in the 1890's in the title of New York Times article about voting laws in the south. The origin of the phrase has often been attributed to "Jump Jim Crow", a song-and-dance caricature of balcks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface which first surfaced in 1832. As a result of Rice's fame "Jim Crow" by 1838 had become a pejorative expression meaning "Negro".
 * prohibiting African Americans from using public facilities such as restaurants, theatres, cinemas, hotels, public transport and swimming pools.
 * A black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it implied being socially equal. Obviously a black male could not offer his hand or any other part of his body to a white woman, because he risked being accused of rape.

Caricature=In literature, this is a description of a person using exaggeration of some characteristics and oversimplification of others. Caricatures can be complimentary and also serve a political purpose or be drawn solely for entertainment.

Pejorative=Also called a degratory term, a term of abuse and a term of disparagement; it's a word or grammatical form expressing a negative connotation, a low opinion of someone or something, or showing a lack of respect for someone or something.